Comparison of intertrochanteric fracture fixation with dynamic hip screw and bipolar hemiarthroplasty techniques

At present, there is no consensus on an appropriate treatment modality for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly with background diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare treatment outcomes of intertrochanteric fractures reduced with dynamic hip screws [DHS] and bipolar hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with background medical conditions. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with intertrochanteric fractures, who were 45-60 years old, were randomly divided into DHS and bipolar groups. After treatment, the two groups were compared in relation to complications and mortality rates, functional status using the Harris Hip Score [HHS], range of movement and severity of pain using the visual analogue score [VAS]. HHS [86 +/- 9 vs. 75 +/- 7.6], range of flexion [105 +/- 11 degrees vs. 90 +/- 17 degrees] and external rotation [35 +/- 7 degrees vs. 20 +/- 7 degrees] were significantly higher in the bipolar group compared to the DHS group [P<0.05], However, there were no significant differences in pain severity between the two groups. Reduction of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients with background medical conditions is more effective and less problematic with the bipolar technique compared to DHS and is better tolerated by patients, because this technique is associated with improvements in functional status and hip joint movement range

[Comprehension of workplace safety signs: a case study in an industrial company in Shiraz]

Safety signs provide information as well as instructions concerning the hazard or dangers in the workplace. The correct comprehension of these signs is very important for doing the necessary feedback in the specific situation which they are described. In this cross sectional study, the comprehension of 10 selected safety signs were investigated in 53 randomly selected employees of an industrial company in Shiraz. The comprehension test was carried out by aid a standard questionnaire obtained from ISO 9186-1:2007. In this study the mean comprehension scores of the tested signs was 65.95 percent with standard deviation if 28.7. The highest and lowest comprehension scores were for "use hearing protectors" and "biological hazard" respectively. The comprehension of 40 percent of tested safety signs was lower than the minimum acceptable values of ISO 3864 and ANSI Z535.3 standards. This study showed that there is a significant difference in comprehensions of tested safety signs. For full comprehension of safety signs it is necessary to train the employees or adding supplementary text to the symbols in some cases

Characterization and photo catalytic activities of nanosized titanium dioxide thin films

Thin films of titanium dioxide with high surface area are prepared by sol-gel dip-coating technique. In this regards, Titania nano sols with high photocatalytic activity were prepared by dissolving titanium alkoxide in alcohol and water under acidic conditions. Photocatalytic activities of titanium dioxide thin films were measured in the presence of methylene blue. Microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the films, nanopowders and titanium dioxide sols were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area, zeta sizer and ultraviolet-visible spectrometry techniques. Particle size analysis of sols showed that the mean particle sizes were 15 to 128 nm. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that anatase crystal structure was produced with crystallite size below 11 nm. Increasing mass percent of anatase phase and specific surface area, enhance the photocatalytic activity. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the addition of methylcellulose as a dispersant, not only produced rough texture in the thin film, but also enhanced photocatalytic activity. The thin films prepared by using nitric acid as a stabilizer, revealed higher photocatalytic activity, surface area and sol stability and these data were more than those prepared with acetic acid

[Prioritizing of chaharmahal va bakhtiari province rural districts based on population density-first step towards disaster mitigation measures]

Demographic data on crucial information regarding disaster management, particularly the Early Warning Systems are considered to be the basic requirements of disaster preparedness and mitigation measures. Population density information in developing countries is of critical importance but extremely scarce and mostly appears in the public. Demorgaphic census information often lacks spatial or location coherence in smaller scales, in a way that is not beneficial and useable in processes such as vulnerability assessment relating to the geographical limitations. Since rural areas play an important and undeniable role in agriculture, economy and production as well as revitalization of vast areas in the country and since they are more vulnerable for cultural and underlying causes, they are the focus of attention in the planning system of the country. Taking into consideration the rural demographic information, including population density is very important in adopting mitigation and preparedness measures in the development of rural physical settlements, guidance plans and enhancement and retrofitting of rural texture. Population density can help in targeting mitigation and preparedness measures. In this research, statistical data of population census were used for determining rural districts with high population density. Raw population data were gathered and evaluated, furthermore needed information was extracted from evaluated data and processing by using GIS soft ware. Demographic distribution and density in the area of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiyari province has been investigated in this study. Population density map of rural districts has been provided and according to this, the rural population density was 25.61 persons in 1 km[2] and it was allocated eighth position in the ranking of Iranian provinces. The villages of this Province have been prioritized in terms of population density into 5 groups, in order to implement rural housing retrofitting plans and large scale disaster management programs, especially mitigation, aiming at reducing human causalities in a significant manner

[ investigation of relationship between binocular vision status and migraine headaches]

According to controversial results between migraine headaches and binocular vision anomalies, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between some parameters of binocular vision refractive errors and migraine headache. In this case-control study, 30 patients with neurologically diagnosed migraine who had inclusion criteria were selected as case group and 30 persons with no migraine headache were selected as control group. First, patients were screened by standard headache questionnaire and diagnosis refined by neurologist. The Refractive errors were determined by retinoscopy and were corrected. Then near point of convergence, jump convergence, stereopsis, fusional reserves and far and near deviation were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS.15 software, using Man-Withney U test and multiple logistic regressions. The mean of near phoria, stereopsis, far positive fusional reserve, far negative fusional reserve, near positive fusional reserve, near negative fusional reserve in case and control groups were 6.5 +/- 2.85, 8.3 +/- 6.72 pd, 49.0 +/- 26.11, 154.17 +/- 333.82 sec/arc, 10.7 +/- 2.76, 6.07 +/- 5.07, 18.2 +/- 4.7, 11.0 +/- 7.37, 16.5 +/- 4.49, 13.97 +/- 8.72, 22.7 +/- 5.22 and 14.67 +/- 9.25 pd, respectively. The means of above parameters and jump convergence was significantly different between two groups [P<0.05]. However; no significant difference was observed between two groups for other variables [P>0.05]. In multiple logistic regression only jump convergence, far positive fusional reserve and near positive fusional reserve stayed in model [P<0.05]. This study showed higher rates of binocular vision anomalies [abnormal jump convergence, higher amounts of near deviation, abnormal positive and negative fusional convergence and reduced stereopsis] in migraine group than control. Hence, people who experience migraine headaches should be referred to their optometrist regularly to evaluate their binocular vision statuses

Production of perovskite catalysts on ceramic monoliths with nanoparticles for dual fuel system automobiles

[Lanthanum, Cerium][Iron, Manganese, Cobalt, Palladium][Oxygen]3- Perovskite catalyst was prepared by the citrate route and deposited on ceramic monoliths via dip coating procedure. The catalyst was applied on a car with XU7 motors and the amount of emission was monitored with vehicle emission test systems in Sapco company. The results were compared with the imported catalyst with noble metals such as palladium, platinum and rhodium by Iran Khodro company based on the Euro III standards. The catalysts were characterized by specific surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, line scan and map. In the results, obtained in the home made sample, the amount of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons were lower than imported catalyst with Iran Khodro company with nobel metals. The illustration shows nano particles size on coat. The microstructure evaluation showed that the improved properties can be related to the existence of nano particles on coating

[Biological control of apples blue mold by two isolates of saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to reduce the environmental pollution]

In the recent decays, application of the fungicides has provided some concern in the scientific society. Recently, biological control was developed as an alternative to synthetic fungicides, and considerable success was achieved by utilizing antagonistic microorganisms for controlling postharvest diseases. In this present research, two yeast antagonists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [04,69] applied instead of fungicide that it controlled blue mold of apple caused by Penicillium expansum. Blue mold agent isolated from infected apples. Dual culture, cell free metabolite and volatile test were used in vitro assay to evaluate as potential biological control agent against apple blue. In storage assays [in vitro assays], apple fruit wounds were inoculated with 40 microl of yeast cell suspension [10[7] cell/ml] followed 24h later by P.expansum [10[5] conidia/ml]. The apples were then incubated at 20[degree sign] C and 5 [degree sign] C. The inhibition varied among isolates of yeasts and ranged from 33.12% to 58.4%, in dual culture, from 54.93% to 72.87% in volatile metabolite and from 50.23% to 76.23% in cell free metabolite test. In the storage test, two isolates of S. cerevisiae reduced the decay area from 1416 to 1435 mm[2] compared to 3151.1 mm[2] in control after at 5 [degree sign] C. At 20[degree sign] C, the lesion area ranged from 1347 to 1598 mm[2] for the antagonist treatments compared to 3257.4 mm[2] for the control treatments. The two isolates of S. cervisiae were the effective isolates at both temperatures in this assay and could be two of important new biological control agents for apple blue mold

[Biological control of apples blue mold by two isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in order to reduce the environmental pollution]

Background: in the recent decays, application of the fungicides has provided some concern in the scientific society. Recently, biological control was developed as an alternative to synthetic fungicides, and considerable success was achieved by utilizing antagonistic microorganisms for controlling postharvest diseases

Materials and Methods: in this present research, two yeast antagonists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [04, 69] applied instead of fungicide that it controlled blue mold of apple caused by Penicillium expansum. Blue mold agent isolated from infected apples. Dual culture, cell free metabolite and volatile test were used in vitro assay to evaluate as potential biological control agent against apple blue. In storage assays [in vivo assays], apple fruit wounds were inoculated with 40µl of yeast cell suspension [10[7]cell/ml] followed 24 h later by P.expansum [10[5] conidia/ml]. The apples were then incubated at 20 degreeC and 5 degreeC

Results: the inhibition varied among isolates of yeasts and ranged from 33.12% to 58.4% , in dual culture, from 54.93% to 72.87% in volatile metabolite and from 50.23% to 76.23% in cell free metabolite test. In the storage test, two isolates of S. cerevisiae reduced the decay area from 1416 to 1435 mm[2] compared to 3151.1 mm[2] in control after at 5 degreeC. At 20 degreeC, the lesion area ranged from 1347 to 1598 mm[2] for the antagonist treatments compared to 3257.4 mm[2] for the control treatments

Conclusions: the two isolates of S. cervisiae were the effective isolates at both tempetures in this assay and could be two of important new biological control agents for apple blue mold

[To understand the effective studying between Ardabil city university students in 2006 year]

Nowadays, by developing of the science and to increase the scientific Issues in all fields, can to see that the academic success in universities is resulted from effective trying, right study and time management. One the unsuccessful causes in some students is not to know the studying ways and its related skills. This study has been done in this case. This descriptive study has been done on 686 persons of Ardabil city students. Its measuring tools is the self-constructed questionnaire in two parts the first part includes of; specifications, of personal and social, study duration, and the second part contains the questions about to understand the effective study. Random sampling was selected for students of any universities. The collected data analyzed by spss soft ware by using analytical and descriptive statistics. Age mean between students was 21.51 +/- 21.65 and studying duration was 1.43 +/- 0.43 days. Only 15.59% of them had regular study in academic term. The most important of the study drawbacks were lack of sufficient motive, [44.36%] and unconfidence to future job [30.47%]only 16.03% student that they have a regular program for studying and learning. 33.09 of students had good understanding, 58.1 mean and 8.75% weak ones related to the sufficient study. The understanding rate of students residing in city districts and state universities was more than rural areas and Azad universities and this difference was significant statistically.[p<0.05]. This investigation indicates that many student have middle understanding on the sufficient study. Then, to recognize the study way and its education in the beginning of the university studying is necessary

[Comparison of the fasting blood sugar before and after antituberculosis 4 drug standard regimen]

Background: The aim of this study is comparison of FBS level, before and after anti tuberculosis therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Methods and Subjects: 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. All of them had pulmonary tuberculosis and all of them received standard anti tuberculosis regimen. FBS levels before treatment and the 3[rd], 5[th], 7[th] and 14[th] days after treatment were determined. We used Paired t test to compare means

Results: There was not any significant difference between mean FBS of 3[rd] 5[th] 7[th] and 14[th] day with before treatment FBS. In males and age group less than 30 years old the difference between FBS levels of before treatment and 7 days after treatment was significant and FBS of 7[th] day was lesser

Conclusion: We emphasize that anti tuberculosis regiment does not cause diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

[Comparison of the fasting blood sugar before and after antituberculosis 4 drug standard regimen]

Background: The aim of this study is comparison of FBS level, before and after anti tuberculosis therapy in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Methods and Subjects: 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were studied. All of them had pulmonary tuberculosis and all of them received standard anti tuberculosis regimen. FBS levels before treatment and the 3[rd], 5[th], 7[th] and 14[th] days after treatment were determined. We used Paired t test to compare means

Results: There was not any significant difference between mean FBS of 3[rd], 5[th], 7[th] and 14[th] day with before treatment FBS. In males and age group less than 30 years old the difference between FBS levels of before treatment and 7 days after treatment was significant and FBS of 7[th] day was lesser

Conclusion: We emphasize that anti tuberculosis regiment does not cause diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis